End Of Tenancy Cleaning Edinburgh: Move-Out Cleaning Explained

3 Jan 2026 23 min read No comments Blog

End of Tenancy Cleaning Edinburgh: Importance and Benefits

When it comes to moving out of a rental property in Edinburgh, ensuring the space is thoroughly cleaned is crucial. An end of tenancy cleaning not only helps you secure your deposit but also plays an essential role in maintaining good relationships with landlords and future tenants. This process, often overlooked, carries significant importance and numerous benefits that make it indispensable for anyone considering a move.

The Importance of End of Tenancy Cleaning

End of tenancy cleaning involves deep cleaning a property to satisfy the landlord’s requirements and ensure it is in pristine condition for the next occupants. This thorough cleaning is essential for several reasons:

  • Deposit Security: One of the primary reasons for end of tenancy cleaning is to recover your security deposit. Landlords expect the property to be returned in the same condition it was rented. A professional cleaning service can help meet these expectations, minimizing the risk of losing your deposit.
  • Time Efficiency: Cleaning an entire property can be overwhelming and time-consuming. Hiring professionals allows you to focus on other important aspects of your move, such as packing and organizing. The right cleaning service can complete the job efficiently, saving you valuable time.
  • Avoid Conflicts: A clean property reduces disputes between tenants and landlords regarding the condition of the rental. This can foster a more positive relationship with your landlord and may even lead to a better reference for future rentals.

The Benefits of Hiring Professional Cleaners

Choosing to engage professional cleaners for end of tenancy cleaning in Edinburgh brings various benefits to tenants preparing to move out:

  • Expertise: Professional cleaners have the right training and experience to tackle all aspects of cleaning a rental property. They know what landlords typically look for and how to deliver results that meet these expectations.
  • Quality Equipment and Supplies: Cleaning services use high-quality cleaning agents and equipment that are often more effective than typical household items. This ensures a deeper clean, particularly in areas that are often neglected.
  • Comprehensive Cleaning: A thorough end of tenancy cleaning service will cover every corner of the property, including areas like behind appliances and in hard-to-reach spots, ensuring nothing is overlooked.

Essential Cleaning Areas to Focus On

When preparing for an end of tenancy cleaning, there are specific areas that require more attention. Here’s a comprehensive list to consider:

Area Cleaning Tasks
Kitchen Cleaning appliances (e.g., oven, fridge), cabinets, countertops, and sinks.
Bathrooms Scrubbing toilets, sinks, bathtubs, tiles, and mirrors.
Living Areas Dusting surfaces, vacuuming carpets, and wiping down furniture.
Bedrooms Clearing out wardrobes, dusting, and vacuuming floors.
Windows Cleaning inside and outside, including frames and sills.

Finding the Right Cleaning Service in Edinburgh

If you’re in Edinburgh and looking for a reliable end of tenancy cleaning service, several companies can help. It’s important to do your research and select a service that has good reviews and offers a satisfaction guarantee. You can begin by checking out local companies such as Cleaning Edinburgh and Edinburgh Cleaning Services to find a service that fits your needs.

By prioritizing end of tenancy cleaning, you can make your move smoother and more successful. Taking these steps not only helps to safeguard your deposit but also ensures that you leave a positive impression on your landlord and maintain a high standard of cleanliness for future tenants.

Essential Checklist for Move-Out Cleaning in Edinburgh

When you prepare to move out of a property in Edinburgh, ensure that every corner is cleaned meticulously. A thorough move-out cleaning not only helps you recover your security deposit but also leaves a good impression on your landlord or future tenants. Follow this essential checklist to guarantee that nothing is overlooked during your end-of-tenancy clean!

Living Room Cleaning

  • Dust all surfaces, including shelves, furniture, and electronics.
  • Vacuum carpets or mop hardwood floors, ensuring to get into the corners.
  • Clean windows, curtains, and blinds to eliminate dust and stains.
  • Wipe down doors and frames, including light switches.
  • Remove any personal items and inspect for damages.

Kitchen Cleaning

  • Empty cupboards and clean inside and out, removing crumbs and stains.
  • Clean appliances, focusing on ovens, stoves, refrigerators, and microwaves.
  • Scrub countertops and sinks, ensuring they shine and are free of stains.
  • Mop the floors, paying attention to any spills or grease stains.
  • Remove trash and ensure that the area smells fresh.

Bathroom Cleaning

  • Scrub bathtubs, showers, and sinks, removing soap scum and limescale.
  • Clean mirrors and any glass surfaces to remove streaks.
  • Wipe down any counters and cabinets for dust and stains.
  • Mop the floors, ensuring no hair or dust remains.
  • Dispose of any personal hygiene products and ensure all fixtures are functional.

Bedrooms Cleaning

  • Dust furniture, including nightstands and dressers.
  • Vacuum carpets or mop floors, making sure to check under the bed.
  • Clean windows and any window treatments.
  • Remove personal items and check for damages to walls or floors.
  • Organize closets and ensure they are empty and clean.

Additional Areas to Consider

  • Check the hallways and entryways for dust and dirt buildup.
  • Inspect storage areas, such as garages or basements, if applicable.
  • Ensure that any shared areas (like laundry rooms) are cleaned.
  • Clean out any garden spaces or patios, ensuring they are tidy.
  • Remove any furniture you no longer need.

To ensure each area is cleaned thoroughly, consider utilizing professional services, especially if the property is large or if you have a busy schedule. Engaging a local cleaning company familiar with Edinburgh’s cleaning standards can save you time and effort, allowing you to focus on your move.

Having a checklist helps you stay organized during your move-out process. You can print this checklist or save it on your mobile for easy reference. Below is a convenient table summarizing the critical aspects of your move-out cleaning:

Area Tasks
Living Room Dust, vacuum/mop, clean windows, and remove personal items.
Kitchen Clean appliances, cupboards, countertops, and mop floors.
Bathroom Scrub tubs, sinks, clean mirrors, and mop floors.
Bedrooms Dust furniture, vacuum/mop floors, and clean windows.
Additional Areas Check hallways, shared areas, and any outdoor spaces.

For a successful move-out cleaning experience in Edinburgh, having a reliable checklist is key. It ensures you don’t forget essential tasks that could affect your security deposit.

If you prefer handling the clean yourself, gather appropriate cleaning supplies ahead of time. Make sure you have all-purpose cleaner, glass cleaner, scrubbing brushes, and fresh towels on hand. Simple preparations can enhance your efficiency.

Remember, investing time in a thorough move-out clean pays off in the long run. If cleaning feels overwhelming, don’t hesitate to reach out to local cleaning experts or check options like Clean Green Edinburgh for professional assistance.

Common Challenges Faced During End of Tenancy Cleaning

End of tenancy cleaning can be a daunting task. When you’re moving out of a rental property, you might face several challenges that can make the cleaning process more complicated than anticipated. Here’s a look at some common obstacles tenants encounter during this critical cleaning phase.

Time Constraints

One of the most significant challenges is managing your time effectively. Packing up your belongings and ensuring the property is clean can be overwhelming, especially if you’re working with tight deadlines. You may even find yourself renting a van, coordinating movers, and cleaning simultaneously, which can lead to rushed cleaning efforts.

Scope of Work

Understanding the full scope of cleaning required can also be a challenge. Many tenants underestimate the amount of work involved in end of tenancy cleaning. It’s essential to consider the following:

  • Deep cleaning all rooms
  • Cleaning carpets and upholstery
  • Scrubbing kitchen appliances
  • Wiping down windows and blinds
  • Sanitizing bathrooms
  • Cleaning out cupboards and wardrobes

For a thorough clean, it’s a good idea to create a checklist. This will help you keep track of what needs to be done and ensure you don’t miss any crucial tasks.

Stains and Damage

Every home has its share of stains and damages that accumulate over time. From carpet stains to scuffed walls, these issues can present a thorny challenge. Here’s how to tackle some of these specific problems:

  • Carpet Stains: Use a quality carpet cleaner or hire a professional cleaning service to ensure the carpets look their best.
  • Wall Marks: Often, simple magic erasers can remove scuff marks. For stubborn stains, a fresh coat of paint might be necessary.
  • Appliance Grime: Grease and grime can settle in kitchen appliances, making them challenging to clean. Use specialized cleaners designed for ovens and fridges.

Access Challenges

End of tenancy cleaning may also come with access challenges. If the property has multiple floors or various living areas, navigating these spaces while cleaning can be physically demanding. Carrying equipment up and down stairs can add to the stress of the cleaning process.

Cleaning Supplies

Having the right cleaning supplies is crucial, yet many people underestimate what they will need. To avoid scrambles and sprints to the shop at the last minute, stock up on the following:

  • All-purpose cleaner
  • Glass cleaner
  • Floor cleaner
  • Sponges and scrub brushes
  • Baking soda for freshening carpets
  • Microfiber cloths

If you’re not equipped with extensive cleaning tools, consider hiring a professional cleaning company for end of tenancy cleaning. They have all the equipment and expertise to ensure your property is spotless.

Hiring Professionals

Whether to hire a cleaning service is often a dilemma faced by many tenants. While it can save you time and assure a high standard of cleanliness, it also involves a financial commitment. Consider the following:

  • Your budget: Can you afford professional services?
  • Time/effort: Is the time you’d spend cleaning worth the cost of hiring someone else?
  • Quality control: Will you meet the landlord’s standard if you do it yourself?

Final Inspections

Real estate agents or landlords often conduct a final inspection after your move-out cleaning. This can elevate your stress levels as you worry about whether you’ll meet their standards. Preparation is vital; ensure your space is clean and organized, just as you would want to find it if you were moving in.

To overcome these challenges, effective planning and organization is key. Whether you decide to clean on your own or hire a professional service, understanding the potential hurdles will help you achieve a successful end of tenancy cleaning experience.

If you’re looking for professional cleaning assistance in Edinburgh, consider visiting Edinburgh Domestics, as they specialize in end of tenancy cleaning.

Another reliable option is Cleaning Services Edinburgh, known for their detailed move-out cleaning services to ensure you recover your deposit.

Hiring Professional Cleaners vs. DIY Cleaning: What to Consider

When it comes to maintaining a clean home, the decision between hiring professional cleaners and taking a DIY (Do It Yourself) approach can be challenging. Both options come with their own set of benefits and considerations. Here, we’ll explore key factors to help you determine the best choice for your cleaning needs.

Cost Considerations

Budget plays a significant role in this decision. Hiring professional cleaners can seem expensive upfront, but it may save you money in the long run if you factor in time and potential damages from improper cleaning. Here are some points to consider:

  • Professional Cleaners: Typically charge between £50 – £150 for standard services. The price varies based on the size of your home and the type of services needed.
  • DIY Cleaning: You will only incur costs from cleaning supplies and equipment, which might range from £20 to £100 depending on what you already have at home.

Time Investment

Time is another critical factor. Consider how much time you can dedicate to cleaning and the level of dirt or clutter in your space.

  • Hiring professionals can free up your schedule, allowing you to spend time on more important tasks or leisure activities.
  • Engaging in DIY cleaning may take several hours, particularly if you’re deep cleaning or tackling a large area, which can also be exhausting.

Quality of Cleaning

Quality is important when trying to achieve a clean and healthy living space. Here’s how both options stack up:

Criteria Professional Cleaners DIY Cleaning
Expertise Highly trained professionals with knowledge of the best techniques. Varies by individual skill and experience.
Equipment & Supplies Use commercial-grade products that may not be available to the general public. Reliance on basic household items, which may be less effective.
Consistency Typically deliver consistent results on each visit. Results can vary greatly based on effort and technique.

Flexibility and Customization

Flexibility in scheduling and personalized services can also influence your decision:

  • When you hire professional cleaners, you can set regular appointments according to your schedule.
  • DIY cleaning allows you to clean whenever it fits your schedule but doesn’t provide the same consistency.

Health Benefits

A clean environment contributes significantly to your health. Professional cleaning services often use techniques and products designed to combat allergens, dust, and bacteria. Here’s a quick comparison:

  • Professional Cleaners: Many use eco-friendly products and methods that are safer for your family and pets.
  • DIY Cleaning: You have control over what products you use, but may not know the most effective options for eliminating germs and allergens.

Your choice between hiring professionals and doing it yourself depends on several factors including cost, time, quality, flexibility, and health needs. If you’re busy or have specific cleaning issues, hiring experts might be the route to take. However, if you enjoy cleaning and have the time, a DIY approach can be rewarding and cost-effective.

No matter which option you choose, ensure that the cleaning is done thoroughly to maintain a pleasant living environment. For professional cleaning services in Edinburgh, check out Cleaning Services Edinburgh for quality options that meet your needs.

How to Ensure Your Deposit is Returned After Move-Out Cleaning

Moving out of a rented property can be a stressful experience, especially when it comes to ensuring your deposit is fully refunded. A crucial aspect of this process is the move-out cleaning, often referred to as end of tenancy cleaning. In the city of Edinburgh, this service can make a significant difference in your chances of getting your full deposit back. Here’s a guide on how to approach this task effectively.

The primary goal of end of tenancy cleaning is to leave the property in pristine condition, adhering to the cleanliness standards expected by landlords or letting agents. Before you start cleaning, create a checklist to ensure nothing is overlooked. Here’s a quick checklist you can follow:

  • Dust all surfaces, including shelves and baseboards
  • Clean windows, both inside and out
  • Deep-clean kitchen appliances, such as the oven and fridge
  • Wash floors and vacuum carpets thoroughly
  • Scrub bathrooms, including toilets, sinks, and showers
  • Remove any marks or stains from walls
  • Check for damages and report them if any

Each of these tasks contributes significantly to the overall cleanliness of the property. A thorough job can prevent disputes regarding the return of your deposit. If you’re not confident in your cleaning skills or simply lack the time, consider hiring a professional cleaning company in Edinburgh that specializes in end of tenancy cleaning.

When choosing a cleaning service, look for companies with strong reviews and a good reputation. Websites like Cleaning Services Edinburgh offer tailored end of tenancy solutions that ensure compliance with landlords’ requirements. Professional cleaners know exactly what landlords look for, making it more likely that your deposit will be returned in full.

After cleaning, conduct a thorough inspection of the property. Here are some areas to pay special attention to:

Area Common Issues Cleaning Tips
Kitchen Grease buildup, unclean appliances Use a degreaser for surfaces, clean inside the oven
Bathroom Mold or hard water stains Use vinegar and baking soda for tough stains
Living Room Dust, dirty carpets Vacuum thoroughly and dust all surfaces
Bedrooms Unclean closets, dusty surfaces Wipe down surfaces and vacuum under the bed

It’s essential to document the condition of the property upon move-out. Take photos of each cleaned area, ensuring that the date is visible. These images can serve as evidence should any disputes arise about damages or the cleanliness of the property. Furthermore, clear communication with your landlord or letting agent can help to resolve any issues efficiently.

When vacating a property in Edinburgh, it’s wise to reference your rental agreement. Most agreements specify the expected cleaning standards. If in doubt, ask your landlord for guidance on what is required. The clearer you are on expectations, the easier it’ll be to meet them.

Be proactive about checking for any damage. Small repairs, like filling in nail holes or touching up paint, can make a big difference in how your property is perceived. Should you find any issues, address them promptly. Fixing minor problems before the inspection can significantly reduce the likelihood of a deduction from your deposit.

Once you’ve completed the cleaning and repairs, it’s a good idea to request a final walk-through with your landlord. This meeting allows you to discuss any findings and perhaps resolve issues on the spot, providing clarity for both parties. If possible, schedule this walk-through just before your contract officially ends.

Remember that your efforts in end of tenancy cleaning can pay off significantly. A clean, well-maintained property not only increases the likelihood that your deposit will be returned but may also foster a positive reference for your next rental. For professional assistance with end of tenancy cleaning in Edinburgh, do not hesitate to check out Okay Cleaning for reliable services that ensure your peace of mind.

Eco-Friendly Cleaning Options for Tenants in Edinburgh

As more individuals become aware of environmental concerns, eco-friendly cleaning options have gained popularity among tenants in Edinburgh. These alternatives not only help in maintaining hygiene but also promote sustainability, making them ideal for responsible renters. In this city, where charm meets modern living, eco-friendly cleaning methods can significantly enhance your move-out cleaning experience.

Using eco-friendly cleaning products means adopting strategies that are safe for both the environment and your health. Regular cleaning supplies often contain harmful chemicals that can irritate the skin and eyes, and even negatively impact indoor air quality. To ensure you care for your living space and the planet, consider using natural cleaning agents. Below are some effective options you can use:

  • White Vinegar: This common kitchen staple is not just for salads! White vinegar can effectively cut through grease, deodorize, and eliminate mildew. Mix it with water for a versatile cleaner safe for various surfaces.
  • Baking Soda: Known for its incredible absorbent properties, baking soda is a natural deodorizer and abrasive cleaner. It’s perfect for removing stains from carpets and freshening up furniture.
  • Castile Soap: This plant-based soap is biodegradable and an excellent choice for general cleaning. It’s gentle enough for sensitive surfaces while tough on dirt and grime.
  • Lemon Juice: The acidity in lemon juice makes it a natural disinfectant. It can brighten laundry, cut through grease, and leave surfaces sparkling clean.
  • Essential Oils: Adding a few drops of essential oils like tea tree or lavender can enhance the cleaning experience. They not only smell great but also have antibacterial properties.

When moving out, you might be wondering about the best ways to implement these eco-friendly options. Here’s a structured approach to ensure that you leave your apartment sparkling clean while being eco-conscious:

  1. Focus on High-Traffic Areas: Areas such as kitchens and bathrooms usually need the most attention. Use vinegar and baking soda to tackle soap scum and food residue effectively.
  2. Use Cloths Instead of Paper Towels: Swapping paper towels for reusable cloths is a significant eco-friendly step. Microfiber cloths can trap dirt and are washable.
  3. Implement a Cleaning Schedule: Instead of last-minute cleaning, create a cleaning schedule that allows you to maintain a tidy home. This will reduce the need for heavy-duty cleaning products.
  4. Recycle Cleaning Containers: If you’re using purchased eco-friendly cleaners, make sure to recycle their containers to minimize waste.
  5. Consider Professional Services: If you are short on time, opt for eco-friendly cleaning services. Many companies in Edinburgh offer green cleaning options that align with your sustainability goals.

For those planning to hire professional cleaners, some services in Edinburgh prioritize eco-friendly cleaning practices. For example, you can find reputable companies like Eco Clean Care that specialize in sustainable cleaning methods. By opting for an eco-conscious service, you ensure that your move-out cleaning not only meets the property manager’s standards but also adheres to your environmental values.

The decision to choose eco-friendly cleaning options is not just beneficial for landlords but also enhances your living experience. It promotes a safer home environment and encourages a habit of conscientious consumerism. Plus, using natural products can save you money in the long run, as many can be created at home with simple ingredients.

Before you move out, take inventory of your cleaning supplies, and see how many items you can replace with eco-friendly alternatives. You might be surprised at how effective and economical natural products can be. Edinburgh boasts beautiful landscapes and a rich history, and by keeping your living space clean without harming the environment, you contribute to preserving this beauty.

Now is the perfect time to thrive in eco-cleaning. Whether you opt to employ DIY solutions or hire professional help, your choices can make a significant impact. remember that every small step towards sustainability counts. From tenants to homeowners, everyone has the opportunity to embrace green practices.

Tips for a Smooth Transition: Preparing Your Property for New Tenants

When you’re preparing your property for new tenants, a seamless transition is vital for ensuring a positive rental experience. This process not only helps maintain the value of your property but also enhances tenant satisfaction. Here are a variety of tips to consider as you prepare your property for new renters.

Conduct Necessary Repairs

Before new tenants move in, it’s crucial to address any maintenance issues. This not only shows that you care about their comfort but also protects your property:

  • Check for and fix leaky faucets and pipes.
  • Inspect the heating and cooling systems to ensure they are functioning properly.
  • Look for signs of pest infestations and handle them immediately.
  • Repair holes or damage to walls and ceilings.
  • Make sure all electrical fixtures are working and up to code.

Deep Clean the Property

A thorough cleaning is essential before welcoming new tenants. This not only helps your property look its best but also makes it more inviting. Consider the following:

  • Hire a professional cleaning service to handle stubborn stains.
  • Clear out any remaining clutter from the previous tenants.
  • Clean carpets and consider a fresh coat of paint if needed.
  • Pay attention to kitchens and bathrooms, ensuring all surfaces are disinfected.

Check Safety Features

Safety should always be a priority when preparing a rental property. Ensure that the following features are in top condition:

  1. Smoke detectors are installed and functioning.
  2. Carbon monoxide detectors are in place, especially for gas appliances.
  3. Fire extinguishers are accessible in case of emergencies.
  4. All windows and doors lock securely.

Document Everything

Be transparent with new tenants by documenting the property’s condition. This practice helps prevent disputes later on:

  • Take high-quality photos of every room.
  • Document any existing damages or issues.
  • Encourage tenants to conduct a walk-through before they move in.

Make Needed Upgrades

Consider making certain upgrades to enhance your property. Investing in better features can attract higher-quality tenants:

  • Upgrade kitchen appliances to energy-efficient models.
  • Improve landscaping to enhance curb appeal.
  • Install modern fixtures in bathrooms and kitchens.

Establish Clear Rental Terms

Having clear rental agreements protects both you and your tenants. Here’s what you should include:

  • Specify the length of the lease and renewal options.
  • Outline security deposit terms and conditions for refunding it.
  • Clarify maintenance responsibilities between you and your tenants.
  • Define any rules related to pets, noise, and use of common areas.

Communicate Effectively

Maintaining open lines of communication with your new tenants can foster a good relationship, which is essential for a successful rental experience:

  • Provide a welcome packet that includes contact information and important procedures.
  • Be available to answer questions they might have during their move-in period.
  • Schedule regular check-ins to address any concerns they may have.

Consider Professional Services

If preparing your property feels overwhelming, you might want to consider hiring professionals. Services offering move-out cleaning or maintenance repair can save you both time and stress. Additionally, expert property managers can assist with tenant communication and legalities.

By following these tips, you’ll not only ensure a smooth transition for your new tenants but also create an environment that encourages long-term occupancy. This can ultimately enhance the performance of your rental investment and contribute to a positive landlord-tenant relationship.

Discover more about effective property management by visiting Property Management.

Key Takeaway:

When it comes to end of tenancy cleaning in Edinburgh, understanding its importance and benefits can significantly impact both tenants and landlords. This essential final clean is not just about leaving the property neat and tidy; it’s about safeguarding your security deposit and ensuring a smooth transition for the next tenants. A well-executed end of tenancy clean can help you regain your deposit and leave a good impression, which can be beneficial for your rental history.

To ensure a successful move-out cleaning, having an essential checklist is vital. This checklist typically includes tasks like deep cleaning kitchen appliances, scrubbing bathrooms, dusting surfaces, and washing windows. These tasks can often feel overwhelming, especially when juggling the many responsibilities of moving. Common challenges faced during this period include time constraints and lack of proper cleaning supplies, which can lead to insufficient cleaning efforts.

Deciding between hiring professional cleaners or attempting a DIY clean is a crucial consideration. While professional services can guarantee a deep and thorough cleaning, taking on this task yourself can save money. However, you should weigh the benefits against the potential for overlooked spots or lack of time.

To ensure you get your deposit back, adhering to your landlord’s cleaning requirements is non-negotiable. This means focusing on those high-traffic areas, ensuring all appliances are spotless, and even considering eco-friendly cleaning products, which are becoming increasingly popular among tenants in Edinburgh.

Preparing your property for new tenants involves more than just cleaning; it’s a part of maintaining the property’s value and ensuring a smooth transition. By following the outlined steps, paying attention to details, and perhaps leveraging professional cleaning services, you can enhance the chances of a successful move-out, ensuring both you and the next tenants enjoy a positive experience. This proactive approach not only benefits you financially but also contributes positively to the rental community in Edinburgh.

Conclusion

Successfully navigating the end of tenancy cleaning process in Edinburgh is crucial for a smooth move-out experience. The importance and benefits of thorough cleaning cannot be overstated, especially when it comes to ensuring the return of your deposit. By following an essential checklist, you can systematically tackle each area of your property, leaving no corner untouched.

While many may consider the DIY approach to move-out cleaning, weighing the pros and cons of hiring professional cleaners can save time and guarantee a higher standard of cleanliness. Professional services not only alleviate common challenges, such as deep stains or tough grime, but they also provide peace of mind, knowing that the job is done correctly.

To ensure that your deposit is returned, focus on areas that landlords pay close attention to, and consider eco-friendly cleaning options that are kinder to the environment while still effective. These methods can show your commitment to sustainability, appealing to conscientious landlords.

As you prepare your property for new tenants, keep in mind the tips for a smooth transition. A well-presented home fosters good relationships and sets a positive tone for new occupants. By investing time and effort into your end of tenancy cleaning, you not only protect your finances but also contribute to a seamless handover process. With the right approach, moving out can be a stress-free experience that enhances your reputation as a reliable tenant.

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